KPSC LECTURER ENGLISH
SOLVED PAPER
04-11-2024
1. _________ are uninfected words that normally express
information having to do with sentence.
- A. modes
- B. particles (Correct
Answer)
- C. declension
- D. indicating particle
Explanation:
A particle
in a sentence is a word that is added to a verb to enhance it. A particle is
typically a preposition, one that adds a colloquial meaning to the verb. In
most cases, particles are prepositions used in conjunction with another word to
form phrasal (multi-word) verbs. Words like in, off, up, by, along, down,
forward, under (all prepositions) can be particles, as can the previously
discussed word, to, when used as the infinitive marker.
2. In an attempt to defeat God and his angels, what does the
rebel angels make in "Paradise Lost"?
- A. A fortress
- B. A catapult
- C. A large sword
- D. A cannon (Correct
Answer)
Explanation: In Paradise Lost, the rebel
angels make cannons to bombard the good angels in an attempt to defeat
God and his angels. The good angels are at a disadvantage because their armor
makes it hard for them to escape. Michael devises a plan to have the good
angels move mountains across the battlefield to bury the rebel angels and their
cannons. The rebel angels must dig themselves out from under the mountains and
reassemble.
3. Who inspires Belinda's dream in the first canto in the
poem "The Rape of the Lock"?
- A. The Muse
- B. The baron
- C. Umbriel
- D. Ariel (Correct Answer)
Explanation: In the first canto of The Rape
of the Lock, the character Ariel, a sylph and the guardian spirit of
Belinda, is portrayed as inspiring and watching over her. Ariel is a
supernatural being who encourages and aids Belinda, guiding her in her daily
life and helping to protect her beauty.
4. In "A Passage to India," how does Aziz sense
Mrs. Moore is sympathetic to him?
- A. She is knowledgeable about
Islam
- B. She approaches him first
- C. She appears unafraid of him
- D. She speaks frankly about
her dislike for Mrs. Callendar (Correct Answer)
Explanation: In A Passage to India, Aziz
senses Mrs. Moore's sympathy for him when she candidly expresses her dislike
for Mrs. Callendar, the major's wife. Aziz and Mrs. Moore have a deep
sense of intuition and become close friends after this meeting. Aziz feels a
strong instinctive trust for Mrs. Moore, even though he would normally never
criticize one Englishwoman to another.
5. Which of the following literary critic coined the term
"Fancy"?
- A. Mathew Arnold
- B. Samuel Taylor Coleridge
(Correct Answer)
- C. Carl Jung
- D. Virginia Woolf
Explanation: Samuel Taylor Coleridge
coined the term "fancy" in his critical writings, distinguishing it
from imagination. According to Coleridge, "fancy" refers to
the more superficial, arbitrary, and mechanical aspect of creative thought, in
contrast to the deeper, transformative power of "imagination."
6. Which
type of affix alters the grammatical category of a word without changing its
meaning?
A. Transpositional (Correct Answer)
B. Tnlateral
C. Subjunctive
D. Semel factive
Explanation: Transpositional affixes are
linguistic elements that transform a word from one part of speech to another
while maintaining the original meaning. An example is the suffix
"-ly," which can convert an adjective into an adverb, as seen when
"slow" changes to "slowly." This modification affects the
grammatical function but not the inherent meaning of the base word.
7. In T.S.
Eliot's essay "Tradition and the Individual Talent," the poet's mind
is likened to which of the following?
A. Receptacle
B. Fountain (Correct Answer)
C. Catalyst
D. Sulphurous acid
Explanation: Eliot metaphorically describes the
poet's mind as a fountain, suggesting it should serve as a source of creativity
and innovation rather than simply storing influences. This metaphor highlights
the poet's ability to refresh and renew tradition, producing unique expressions
through the synthesis of various inspirations.
8. What
term is used to describe the rhythmic structure created by patterns of stressed
and unstressed syllables in poetry?
A. Rhyme scheme
B. Meter (Correct Answer)
C. Alliteration
D. Rhythm
Explanation: Meter is the systematic arrangement
of stressed and unstressed syllables that creates the rhythm of a poem. It provides
a framework that guides the flow of the verses, often categorized into various
feet like iambs and trochees, establishing the poem's pace and musicality.
9. Which
concept is central to both pragmatics and discourse analysis?
A. Function (Correct Answer)
B. Conversational analysis
C. Politeness principle
D. Relevance theory
Explanation: Both pragmatics and discourse
analysis focus on the function of language in communication. Pragmatics
examines how context influences meaning and the use of language, while
discourse analysis investigates the structure and function of language in
extended interactions, emphasizing how meaning is constructed in real-life
conversations.
10. What
do we call the communication process where a speaker gives only essential
information needed for the listener's understanding?
A. Directives
B. Presupposition
C. Implicature (Correct Answer)
D. Non-conventional
Explanation: Implicature describes a conversational
technique where the speaker conveys only the vital information necessary for
comprehension, relying on shared knowledge or context to imply additional
meanings. This subtle form of communication often requires the listener to
infer or deduce the full message without explicit statements.
11. What
type of figurative language involves a comparison between two entities to
create vivid imagery?
A. Idioms
B. Proverb
C. Absurdity
D. Simile (Correct Answer)
Explanation: A simile is a figurative language
device that establishes a comparison between two different entities, often
using "like" or "as" to enhance descriptive imagery. For
instance, saying "Her smile was as bright as the sun" employs a
simile to create a vivid visual representation, enriching the language's
expressiveness.
12. Which
term describes a language variety that follows standard rules but varies among
specific groups?
A. Dialect (Correct Answer)
B. Discourse
C. Pragmatic development
D. Linguistic competence
Explanation: A dialect is a form of language
that adheres to formal grammatical rules but exhibits variations in vocabulary,
pronunciation, and grammar within particular social groups or regions. These
dialectal differences highlight the unique linguistic identity of communities
while remaining comprehensible to speakers of the standard language.
13. Which
aspect of semantics focuses on the meaning derived from entire sentences rather
than individual words?
A. Phrasal
B. Sentential (Correct Answer)
C. Pragmatic
D. Clause
Explanation: Sentential semantics examines how
the meanings of individual words combine based on the syntactic structure of
entire sentences. This field of study analyzes the interplay between word
meanings and sentence composition to derive overall sentence meanings, contrasting
with phrasal semantics, which concentrates on smaller units like phrases.
14. In the
novel "Pride and Prejudice," how does Mr. Darcy initially offend
Elizabeth at the ball?
A. He insults her father.
B. He dances with Jane.
C. He slaps her.
D. He refuses to dance with her (Correct Answer)
Explanation: At the Meryton ball, Mr. Darcy
offends Elizabeth by declining to dance with her, despite others urging him.
His remark that she is "tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt
[him]" significantly contributes to her unfavorable impression of him and
sets the stage for their complex relationship throughout the story.
15. In
________diphthong articulation, what happens during the final pause of the
vowel sound?
A. Simple
B. Monophthong
C. Centering (Correct Answer)
D. Closing
Explanation: In the articulation of a closing
diphthong, the highest point of the tongue swiftly shifts towards the mouth
during the final vowel sound. This movement involves transitioning from a more
open vowel position to a more closed one, creating a distinct diphthong sound
as the articulation progresses.
16. What
term describes the study of how language and text create meaning and coherence
in spoken and written discourse?
A. Coherence
B. Discourse analysis (Correct Answer)
C. Relevance
D. Structure
Explanation: Discourse analysis examines how
language is used in texts and conversations, focusing on how meaning is
constructed and how different components of discourse connect to create a
unified whole. This field encompasses both spoken and written forms of
communication, exploring how context influences meaning.
17. Which
type of pronouns does not refer to a specific noun but functions as the subject
of a sentence?
A. Indefinite (Correct Answer)
B. Reflexive
C. Possessive
D. Intensive
Explanation: Indefinite pronouns refer to
non-specific entities and do not point to a particular, named noun. They can
act as subjects in sentences or modify other nouns, with examples including
"everyone," "someone," and "anybody." Their
vagueness allows for broader references in discourse.
18. In
John Milton's "Paradise Lost," who is responsible for guiding Adam
and Eve out of Paradise?
A. God
B. The Son
C. Michael (Correct Answer)
D. Raphael
Explanation: In "Paradise Lost," the
archangel Michael leads Adam and Eve out of Paradise after their transgression.
This event occurs in Book 12, where Michael reveals to them prophetic visions
about the future, including the implications of their actions and the promise
of redemption through Christ.
19. What
is the name of the area in the brain responsible for speech production, located
in the lower rear portion of the left frontal lobe?
A. Broca's area (Correct Answer)
B. Autopsy
C. Lesion
D. Angular gyrus
Explanation: Broca's area is situated in the
left frontal lobe's lower rear section and is primarily responsible for
language production and processing. Damage to this area can lead to Broca's
aphasia, a condition characterized by difficulties in speech production while
typically preserving comprehension abilities.
20. What
term refers to a word formed from the initial letters of a phrase, pronounced
as a single word?
A. Active
B. Acronym (Correct Answer)
C. Adjunct
D. Affixal phoneme
Explanation: An acronym is created by taking the
initial letters of a phrase or series of words and pronouncing them as one
cohesive word. Examples include "NASA," which stands for
"National Aeronautics and Space Administration," and
"laser," which stands for "light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation."
21. Which
character in "Paradise Lost" advocates for a renewed war against God?
A. Belial
B. Moloch (Correct Answer)
C. Mammon
D. Beelzebub
Explanation: In "Paradise Lost,"
Moloch is the devil who passionately calls for an all-out war against God,
expressing a desire for vengeance and conflict. His rhetoric emphasizes the
fallen angels' defiance and their determination to oppose divine authority
after their expulsion from Heaven.
22. What
is the term for pitch movements in speech that do not change the meaning of
words?
A. Terminal intonation
B. Intonation (Correct Answer)
C. Non-terminal intonation
D. Contour intonation
Explanation: Intonation involves variations in
pitch during speech that do not alter the meaning of individual words. Instead,
it conveys emotions, emphasis, or indicates the structure of a sentence, such
as signaling a question or a statement. This rise and fall of the voice
enriches spoken communication.
23. What
term in linguistics refers to a continuous stretch of language larger than a
sentence?
A. Semantic criteria
B. Discourse (Correct Answer)
C. Discourse analysis
D. Discursive
Explanation: Discourse encompasses larger
segments of language beyond a single sentence. It includes both spoken and
written forms of communication, analyzing how meaning is constructed and
maintained across multiple sentences. This concept is critical for
understanding language use in social contexts.
24. In
Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock," what do the four types of
supernatural beings symbolize?
A. Spades, hearts, clubs, and diamonds
B. Ace, King, Queen, and Jack
C. Earth, air, fire, and water (Correct Answer)
D. North, South, East, and West
Explanation: In "The Rape of the
Lock," the four types of supernatural beings—sylphs, goblins, nymphs, and
salamanders—correspond to the classical elements of earth, air, fire, and
water. These associations highlight the roles of these beings within the
mock-epic, as they engage in the satire of high society by protecting or
influencing human characters.
25. Which
inflectional categories pertain to verbs and relate to time?
A. Dative
B. Ergative
C. Tense and aspect (Correct Answer)
D. Tense on noun
Explanation: Tense and aspect are essential
inflectional categories associated with verbs, both of which provide temporal
information. Tense indicates the time of action (past, present, future), while
aspect describes the nature of the action over time, such as whether it is
completed (perfective) or ongoing (progressive). Together, they help convey the
timing and nature of actions.
26. At
what time do the "sleepless lovers" awaken in the poem "The Rape
of the Lock"?
A. Dawn
B. Noon
C. Tea-time
D. Midnight (Correct Answer)
Explanation: In "The Rape of the
Lock," the "sleepless lovers" wake at noon. This detail is
presented in Canto 1, highlighting the humorous absurdity of the lovers'
fixation on their vanity and trivial concerns, leading to their late awakening
in the day. Their slumber reflects the satire of their superficial lifestyle.
27. Which
term describes speakers exaggerating to flout a maxim?
A. Metaphor
B. Infringing
C. Banter
D. Hyperbole (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Hyperbole involves exaggeration
used for emphasis or effect, often flouting Grice's maxims of conversation, particularly
the maxim of quantity, which expects speakers to provide an appropriate amount
of information. By saying something like "I've told you a million
times," the speaker exaggerates to create a dramatic or humorous impact
rather than sticking to the truth.
28. What
is an attempt to summarize the range of attitudes and methods found in
grammatical study called?
A. Descriptive grammar (Correct Answer)
B. Theoretical grammar
C. Comparative grammar
D. Traditional grammar
Explanation: Descriptive grammar focuses on how
language is actually used by speakers, summarizing various grammatical
structures and methods without prescribing how language should be used. It
captures the variations and changes in language over time and across different
contexts.
29. In
"Wuthering Heights," which characters claim to see Catherine's ghost?
A. Heathcliff, Hareton, and young Catherine (Correct Answer)
B. Edgar Linton and Nelly Dean
C. Catherine and Joseph
D. Lockwood and Heathcliff
Explanation: In "Wuthering Heights,"
both Lockwood and Heathcliff claim to have seen Catherine Earnshaw's ghost.
Lockwood, as the narrator, has a dreamlike encounter where he believes he sees
her spirit. Heathcliff's deep emotional connection to Catherine leads him to
experience a spiritual visitation from her ghost, particularly in the latter
part of the novel.
30. What
impulsive action does Maggie take during her relatives' visit in "The Mill
on the Floss"?
A. She falls in the mud
B. She eats Tom's dessert
C. She cuts her hair (Correct Answer)
D. She steps on a cake
Explanation: In "The Mill on the
Floss," Maggie Tulliver impulsively cuts her hair during her aunts' and
uncles' visit. This act symbolizes her inner emotional struggle and desire for
independence, as she feels constrained by her family's expectations and
societal norms. Cutting her hair represents a rebellious attempt to assert her
identity, despite the futility of such an action within the confines of her
situation.
31. Which
type of antonym refers to meanings that exist on a relative scale?
A. Complementary
B. Original base
C. Gradable (Correct Answer)
D. Symmetrical
Explanation: Gradable antonyms are those that
exist on a continuum, where the attributes they describe can vary in degree.
For example, "hot" and "cold" are gradable antonyms because
something can be somewhat hot or somewhat cold, allowing for a range of temperatures
rather than a strict binary distinction.
32. In the
poem "The Rape of the Lock," who is Shock?
A. Belinda's horse
B. Belinda's lapdog (Correct Answer)
C. The Baron's horse
D. The poet's muse
Explanation: Shock is Belinda's beloved lapdog
in "The Rape of the Lock." The inclusion of Shock adds to the poem's
humorous and satirical portrayal of Belinda's extravagant lifestyle,
contributing to the mock-epic's exploration of trivialities in high society.
33. In the
novel "Return of the Native," what was Clym's occupation in Paris?
A. Editor
B. Banker
C. School teacher (Correct Answer)
D. Diamond merchant
Explanation: In "Return of the
Native," Clym Yeobright initially works as a diamond merchant in Paris.
However, upon returning to Egdon Heath, he decides to become a schoolteacher,
which reflects his desire for a more meaningful and selfless career.
34. What
theory aims to integrate phonetics and phonology into a single model by
analyzing muscular activity?
A. Articulatory analog (Correct Answer)
B. Articulatory settings
C. Articulatory model
D. Articulatory phonetics
Explanation: The articulatory analog theory
seeks to unify phonetics and phonology by providing a feature analysis that
relates muscular activity in speech production to phonological features. This
theory helps demonstrate how physical movements correspond to abstract phonological
representations.
35. In
behavioral psychology, what is a verbal response that comments on things or
events in the environment called?
A. Mands
B. Tact (Correct Answer)
C. Echoics
D. Interverbals
Explanation: A tact is a verbal response used to
comment on or label things and events in the environment. It arises from
sensory experiences and involves naming or identifying objects or occurrences
based on what the speaker perceives.
36. The
New Critics were proponents of which type of criticism?
A. Psychological criticism
B. Structural criticism
C. Formalist criticism (Correct Answer)
D. Feminist criticism
Explanation: The New Critics advocated for
formalist criticism, focusing on analyzing the text's form and structure
without considering external factors. They emphasized the intrinsic qualities
of literary works, such as language, symbolism, and literary devices, as the
primary means of uncovering meaning.
37. Which
of the following is not a character in Paradise Lost?
A. Agony
B. Death
C. Sin
D. Chaos
Correct
Answer: A. Agony
Explanation: In Paradise Lost, Death,
Sin, and Chaos are all personified characters. Death is the son of Sin and
Satan, and Sin is depicted as Satan's daughter. Chaos represents a primordial
state before creation. However, Agony is not personified in the poem; it is
more of an abstract concept.
38. Which
term involves learning letter-sound correspondence and knowledge related to
reading?
A. phoneme
B. phone
C. phonetic
D. phonics (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Phonics is a method of teaching
reading that focuses on the relationship between letters and their
corresponding sounds (phonemes). It helps learners decode words by sounding
them out, making it a crucial aspect of early reading development.
39. A term
which characterizes linguistic features mediating norms of social behavior
related to rapport, defense, and distance is called:
A. Polarity
B. Courtesy
C. Politeness (Correct Answer)
D. Polygenesis
Explanation: Politeness refers to the linguistic
strategies used to manage social relationships and convey respect, balancing
norms of rapport, defense, and distance in communication. Politeness theory,
developed by sociolinguists Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, highlights how
speakers navigate social interactions to maintain harmony and avoid offense.
40. When
we derive words, we attach affixes to bases; in other words, the base comes to
be derived by affixation. This process is called:
A. Conversion
B. Coinage
C. Forming
D. Back Forming (Correct Answer)
Explanation: Back forming is the process where a
new word is created by removing an affix from an existing word, often based on
analogy. For example, the verb "to edit" is derived from the noun
"editor," which leads to the misconception that "editor" is
the base word.
41. What
is Milton's stated purpose in Paradise Lost?
A. To assert his superiority to other poets
B. To argue against the doctrine of predestination
C. To justify the ways of God to men (Correct Answer)
D. To make his story hard to understand
Explanation: Milton's stated purpose in Paradise
Lost is to "justify the ways of God to men." This is articulated
in the opening lines of the poem, where he intends to explore the fall of Satan
and humanity, addressing why God permits evil and suffering. The poem delves
into themes of free will, temptation, and sin, aiming to defend the justice of
God.
42. Two
words which differ in meaning when only one sound is changed are called:
A. homophone
B. homograph
C. minimal pair (Correct Answer)
D. Allophone
Explanation: A minimal pair consists of two
words that differ by only one sound (phoneme) and have different meanings. For
instance, "pat" and "bat" differ only in their initial
consonant sounds and have different meanings.
- Homophones are words that sound
the same but differ in meaning or spelling (e.g., "to,"
"too," "two").
- Homographs are words that are
spelled the same but have different meanings (e.g., "lead" as in
to guide and "lead" the metal).
- Allophones are variations of a
single phoneme that do not change word meanings (e.g., the different
pronunciations of the /p/ sound in "pat" and "spa").
43. To
what are Belinda's eyes repeatedly compared in the poem?
A. The sun (Correct Answer)
B. Stars
C. Flames
D. Gems
Explanation: In The Rape of the Lock,
Belinda's eyes are often compared to the sun. This comparison highlights her
radiant beauty and central importance in the poem. The sun imagery elevates her
character, emphasizing how everything revolves around her beauty and charm.
44. In Heart
of Darkness, in what setting does the novel open?
A. A boat on the Congo River
B. A boat on the Thames River (Correct Answer)
C. The company's offices in Brussels
D. The Outer Station
Explanation: Heart of Darkness by Joseph
Conrad opens with Marlow and several other men aboard a boat on the Thames
River in London. This setting creates a contrast with the darker events that
unfold in the Congo River, symbolically linking Europe’s colonial past with the
horrors of imperialism that Marlow is about to recount.
45. The
process where sounds become less similar to each other in a given environment
is called:
A. Insertion
B. Dissimilation
C. Assimilation (Correct Answer)
D. Metathesis
Explanation: Dissimilation refers to the process
by which sounds become less similar to each other, often to facilitate easier
pronunciation.
- Insertion involves adding
sounds or segments where they were not previously present (like inserting
an epenthetic vowel).
- Assimilation is the opposite,
where one sound becomes more like an adjacent sound (making pronunciation
smoother).
- Metathesis involves rearranging
sounds within a word (e.g., "ask" becoming "aks" in
some dialects).
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